It is also rich in polyphenolic compounds (tannins), some of which are responsible for its characteristic astringency, carotenoids, dietary fibre, vitamins, sugars and mineral elements essential for human nutrition. This is used to “fortify” juices of other fruits low in ascorbic acid. Indeed, it has great antiscorbutic qualities due to its vitamin C content (200 and 300 mg per 100 grams of fresh material) which is about five times higher than that of an orange. The cashew apple has a high nutritional potential. The weight of a cashew apple is generally between 70 and 90 grams. The shape of this false fruit is round or pear-shaped, hence the name Anacardium, which means “heart-shaped”, and it can be up to 10 centimeters long and 5 centimeters wide. When ripe, this cashew apple is red, yellow or orange in color. Īfter the nut develops, its stalk becomes enlarged and changes color to give a “false fruit” known as the cashew apple. While the shell yields cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), also a high value-added product, highly acidic and corrosive, used in the manufacture of friction elements. The roasted kernel can be used in a variety of ways (confectionery, pastries, and cashew butter) or roasted, salted and eaten alone or mixed with other nuts or dried fruits. Ĭashew nuts (kernels) are the main commercial product of this tree. This tree produces fruits composed of two parts: the cashew nut called “true fruit” and the cashew apple “false fruit” which is about 9 times the weight of the nut. The main producing countries are Côte d’Ivoire, Vietnam, Nigeria, India and Brazil. It can be grown for fruiting or for reforestation and has a life span of about 30 years. It adapts to a variety of soils, but prefers light, sandy, deep, well-drained soils with a clay content of 25%. It is hardy, but grows best in hot tropical areas with alternating dry and wet seasons. The cashew tree can grow up to about 10 meters and its trunk diameter can vary between 1.2 and 1.5 m. The latter term is actually used because the former also refers to a well-known precious wood. This name became “caju” in Portuguese, “cashew” in English, “cajuil” in Spanish and “acajou” or “cashew” in French. The Tupi Indians of Brazil called the cashew tree “acaju”. Gandavo, in 1576, was the first Portuguese writer to describe the nuts and assure that they were better than almonds. The French naturalist Thévet described the tree and provided the first drawing showing the natives harvesting the nuts and squeezing the juice from the cashew “apples” into a large container in 1558. It is a dicotyledonous plant of the order Sapindales and the family Anacardiaceae to which the mango and pistachio trees also belong. It was discovered by the Portuguese who introduced it into their colonies in Africa and Asia. The cashew tree ( Anacardium occidentale L.) is a tree originating from Brazil. Nutraceutical, food additive and agro materials. Some uses ofĬashew apple were reviewed: beverage, food, substrate, bioethanol, It also shows the influence of the processing steps on the nutritional valueĪnd organoleptic quality of the cashew apple as well as the methods ofĬlarification, stabilization, concentration and dehydration. The work done on the physicochemical characteristics of cashew apples, theĮffect of the growing area, the variety and the stage of maturity on its characteristics. The favorable conditions for cashew treeĬultivation and the planting method were presented. This paper first presents the cultivation of cashew trees and the bibliography The development of this fruit represents a considerable economic challenge. In addition, very large volumes are available. That of other traditional tropical fruits, and its juicy and sweet flesh isįree of seeds or pits. In addition to its nutritional quality, the cashew apple has technologicalĪdvantages: the edible part of the fruit is between 85% and 100% higher than Indeed, it is rich in vitamin C, carotenoids,ĭietary fibers, vitamins, sugars and mineral elements where are essential for human The cashewĪpple has a high nutritional potential. In addition to the cashew nut, which is the main product, the cashew treeĪlso produces the cashew apple which is considered a by-product.
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